Homework Week 5

1) How would you change this course if it was offered again?
2)Which type of speech do you feel you will use most often in the real world and why?

1. I can not really think of much to change in this course. It was actually a very self-explanatory and well designed class. The only recommendation I would make to anyone would be to take the class during the school year. It was kind of rushed in the summer quarter because we only had 5 weeks to complete everything. Mabey peer grading could be incorporated into the online class. This would allow other students taking an online class to see other classmates speeches and give their opinions.

2. I think that I will use the informative speech most often in the real world. I am a biology major and most of our work is informative. Any type of presentation in the biology department in an informative one. I also think that in the work force this is the most used one also, especially for teachers, parents, or bosses. All of these jobs require giving informing speeches/lectures.

Persuasive Speech Video

Persuasive speech Speaking Outline

SPEAKING OUTLINE

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to take a daily multivitamin because of their proven health benefits.

Thesis Statement: Research indicates that taking a daily multivitamin is necessary to maintain and promote good health for all groups of individuals.

Introduction
I. Question
A. A study by Sahelian, only 15% of Americans take a multivitamin on a daily basis.
B. Majority of Americans do not eat a well balanced diet.
C. Poor diets = lack of vitamins and minerals =cause vitamin deficiencies =health and a lowered life expectancy.
II. brought a bottle of Centrum multivitamins
A. huge consequences or benefits depending
B. found overwhelming evidence of proven benefits
III. why we need vitamins, evidence supporting multivitamins, and what taking a daily multivitamin can do for you

Body

I. “a preparation of vitamins and minerals that supplement those existing in the human body” according to AMA.
A. Provides a variety of both essential and non-essential vitamins

1. 13 essential vitamins including vitamins A, vitamin D, and vitamin C
2. Benefical but not necessary
B. The purpose of taking a multivitamin
1. Prevent both vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
2. Achieve additional health benefits.
3. Only one tablet.

C. Vitamin Deficiency
1. vitamin D deficiency
2. vitamin A deficiency
3. lowered immune system and low energy.

Transition: Now that we understand why taking a daily multivitamin is necessary, let’s look at some evidence in favor of taking multivitamins.

II. Evidence in favor of multivitamins

A. In 2002, Fletcher study in JAMA
1. Application of vitamins to prevent chronic disease.
2. “it appears prudent for all adults to take vitamin supplements”
3. reduced the chance of chronic disease in adults.
B. Ames in the New England Journal of Medicine.
1. additional benefits of taking multivitamins.
2. increased life expectancy and metabolic rates
C. strongly beneficial in children, pregnant women, the elderly and the sick

Transition: Now let’s take a look at some additional benefits of taking multivitamins.

III. differ in different groups of people according to Stampfer.
A. infants and children.
1. Pregnant women
2. promote organ and especially brain.
3. bone ossification and growth.
B. People over 60
1. ability to absorb vitamins and minerals
2. help maintain memory health, raise immune systems.
C. Women and men
1. Women require iron
2. Women also need vitamin D
3. Men and prostate cancer and other prostate problems.
4. reduced stress levels and increased energy levels.
Conclusion

I. As we have seen today,
A. Vitamins and minerals required
B. the studies show
C. Different groups of people benefit differently
So I ask all of you to please take

Persuasive Speech Sentence Outline

SENTENCE OUTLINE

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to take a daily multivitamin because of their proven health benefits.

Thesis Statement: Research indicates that taking a daily multivitamin is necessary to maintain and promote good health for all groups of individuals.

Introduction
I. How many of you take a daily multivitamin?
A. According to a study by Sahelian, polls indicate that only 15% of Americans take a multivitamin on a daily basis.
B. This is quite disturbing considering that the majority of Americans do not eat a well balanced diet.
C. Poor diets result in lack of vitamins and minerals which in turn cause vitamin deficiencies deficiencies. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies lead to poor health and a lowered life expectancy.
II. Today I have brought with me, a bottle of Centrum multivitamins, and taking just one of tablets can prevent these deficiencies even if you do not eat a well balanced diet.
A. This is a simple task to do each day that can have huge consequences or benefits depending on what you choose to do.
B. After conducting extensive research, I have found overwhelming evidence of proven benefits for all age groups from taking a daily multivitamin.
III. Today I will discuss why we need vitamins, evidence supporting multivitamins, and what taking a daily multivitamin can do for your own health.

Body

I. A multivitamin is defined as “a preparation of vitamins and minerals that supplement those existing in the human body” according to the American Medical Association.
A. Multivitamin supplements are specifically designed to provide a variety of both essential and non-essential vitamins and minerals to the body.

1. Essential vitamins are vitamins that are required to sustain life. There are actually 13 essential vitamins including vitamins A, vitamin D, and vitamin C. If your diet lacks even one of these essential vitamins for an extended period of time, it cannot survive.
2. Non-essential vitamins are vitamins that are beneficial to the body, but they are not necessary for the body to survive.
B. The purpose of taking a multivitamin is to provide the body with additional nutrients that you may not acquire from your own diet.
1. Taking a multivitamin will prevent both vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
2. Multivitamins can also be used to increase essential nutrient amounts to achieve additional health benefits.
3. Another purpose of taking a multivitamin is that you can get usually 60% of the recommended dietary and mineral allowances in just one tablet.

C. Not taking multivitamins and not eating a proper diet can result in a vitamin deficiency.
1. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is a vitamin D deficiency. This deficiency causes impaired bone hardening in children and osteoporosis in adults.
2. Another common deficiency is vitamin A deficiency. It is the leading cause of blindness worldwide.
3. Overall, a vitamin deficiency leads to a lowered immune system and low energy.

Transition: Now that we understand why taking a daily multivitamin is necessary, let’s look at some evidence in favor of taking multivitamins.

II. Evidence in favor of multivitamins strongly encourages that all individuals take a daily multivitamin.

A. In 2002, Fletcher performed a study that was later published in the Journal of American Medical Association.
1. This clinical trial examined the application of vitamins to prevent chronic disease.
2. The conclusion stated that “it appears prudent for all adults to take vitamin supplements.
3. Overall the study showed concrete evidence that taking a daily multivitamin reduced the chance of chronic disease in adults.
B. Another study was performed by Ames was featured in the New England Journal of Medicine.
1. This study tested for additional benefits of taking multivitamins.
2. This trial found that not only is the risk of chronic diseases lowered, but taking multivitamins also increased life expectancy and metabolic rates.
C. Repeated studies have shown that multivitamins are strongly beneficial in children, pregnant women, the elderly and the sick.

Transition: Now let’s take a look at some additional benefits of taking multivitamins.

III. Taking vitamin supplements provides everyone with health advantages, but the advantages differ in different groups of people according to Stampfer. This is why vitamins are made specifically for men, women, children/infants and the elderly.
A. These supplements provide many benefits for infants and children.
1. Pregnant women are nearly forced to take prenatal vitamins while pregnant because vitamins and minerals are crucial to development in infants.
2. The supplements ensure and promote organ and especially brain.
3. Children also need plenty of vitamins for bone development. Vitamins are necessary for bone ossification and growth.
B. People over 60 benefit the most from multivitamins.
1. Elderly people lose some of the ability to absorb vitamins and minerals. So the elderly need additional vitamins to meet the vitamin requirements.
2. Vitamins help keep bones strong, help maintain memory health, raise immune systems.
C. Women and men benefit from multivitamins also.
1. Women require additional iron during menstrual cycles, and supplements provide the right amounts of iron to maintain iron levels.
2. Women also need additional vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis after menopause.
3. Men require additional selenium and vitamin E to prevent prostate cancer and other prostate problems.
4. Other benefits in both men and women include reduced stress levels and increased energy levels.
Conclusion

I. As we have seen today, taking a multivitamin is a simple task that makes a huge difference.
A. Vitamins and minerals are required in order for the body to properly function.
B. Doctors around the world have conducted test after test, and the studies show that they benefit the body in multiple ways.
C. Different groups of people benefit differently so we might choose a multivitamin that works specifically for us.
II. So I ask all of you to please take a daily multivitamin for your own health. All parents please make sure you give your children a multivitamin so they get the vitamins and minerals they need. If we all do this, we will see a difference in our overall health.

Works Cited:

Ames, F. “Eat Right and Take a Multivitamin”. New England Journal of Medicine. 16:65-76.
Fletcher, J. “Health Supplements.” Journal of American Medical Association. 125:16-18.
Mulunski, Ani. “Vitamin Supplementation.” Journal of American Medical Association. 21:45-49.
Sahelian, Ray. “Benefits of Multivitamins” Index of One Hundred Health Topics. Accessed July 30, 2009. http://www.raysahelian.com/.
Stampfer, M.J. “Multivitamin Uses.” Annals of Internal Medicine. Accessed July 30, 2009.< http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9758570>.

Homework Week 4

1.)I plan to write my persuasive speech on taking daily multivitamins. It will be a call to action speech. I would hope to convince everyone listening to take a daily multivitamin because of their health benefits.

2.)Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that multivitamins can ensure good health.
Thesis Statement: Research indicates that taking a daily multivitamin will result in short and long term health benefits.

Homework Week 3

1. I want to write my speech about a place I am really familiar with so it will be easier to describe.

Possible Manuscript Topics:
Beach at Seaside, fl
162 Matthew Rd (my home)
Schlitterban water park
Ski resort/mountains

I choose my topic to be 162 Matthew. My general purpose will be to inform.
Main points: things to do, sights and sounds, and people present

2.(I am describing the dog on the dishwasher picture)

Hi Mom,
I thought that you would love to see this picture of Polo!! The other night he wasn't on my heels as usual so I began looking for him. Finally I found him washing dishes. He looked like a criminal when I first saw him. His fur black as night and his glowing eyes gave him away. After wards he heard "ding dong" at the door and there he went running to the door like we being invaded. I am going to have to be like the dog whisperer and teach him not to do that. One day, I fear he is going to cut his tongue on a knife!!

love Tiffany

3.I think that the onomatopoeia is the easiest figure of speech to incorporate. Everyone gets then and you instantly know what they mean. (Especially if I am describing my house)
Examples:
"roof roof"
"crackle"
"ding dong"

Speaking Outline

Color Blindness
By Tiffany Shepherd
Speaking Outline


Introduction
I. Question
A. Why I asked
B. Would be impossible for color blind
II. I will try to describe
A. My own interest in the subject…
B. Have extensively researched
III. Today I plan to inform you on 1, 2, 3.
Body
I. Color blindness definition.
A. “color blind” misleading.
1. Think they see no color.(black and white movie)
2. very uncommon.
3. Most cases, one or two
B. genetically inherited from mutations and is more common in males.
1. According to Erickson, this is because…
2. most common sex linked inherited disorder/ 8 to 12% of males and less than 1% of females -- Gretchen Bailey.

Transition: Now that we know what color blindness is, talk about types
II. Roger Shepard of Psychological Science writes either partial /total
A. Total color blindness(monocramy) definition
1. Shades of gray.
2. Uncommon/ make up less than1% .
B. Partial color blindness definition
1. Red-green. ( Neitz, this type makes up 99%)
2. yellow-blue color blindness

Transition: Deeper look into frustrations

III. Encounter challenges b/c world full of color.
A. For example, traffic lights and weather maps
1. Cant see traffic lights if horizontally
2. weather maps shades of red and green
B. Cooking and shopping/George Wald gives examples
1. Cooked meat.
2. Ripe and green tomatoes or red and green apples.
3. Ketchup and chocolate syrup.

Conclusion
I. As we have seen today, color blindness ….
A. More common than think
B. Day to day complication.
II. So the next time you see a rainbow….

Preparation Outline

I emailed you a much better formatted version of this outline and my speaking outline.

Color Blindness
By Tiffany Shepherd

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about color blindness.
Thesis Statement: Color blindness is a common color vision deficiency comes in different and results in many day to day complications.

Introduction
I. What color shirt am I wearing? (catch attention)
A. Most of you are probably wondering why I asked you that question. Everyone here probably knows I am wearing a green shirt.
B. For color blind individuals, this question would be almost impossible to answer.
II. I will try to describe color blindness as well as possible so that we all gain a better understanding of this disability.
A. My own interest in the subject began 6 years ago when I met someone who lives his day to day life dealing with the complications of color blindness.
B. Since then, I have extensively researched to subject finding that it is a very unique and complicated disorder.
III. Today I plan to inform you on what colorblindness is, the different types of color blindness, and the frustrations connected with color blindness.
Body
I. Color blindness is the inability to distinguish between some colors.
A. The term “color blind” is very misleading.
1. When most people here this term, they think that being color blind means that they can’t see any color, like in a black and white movie.
2. This is actually very uncommon.
3. In most cases, the individuals cannot see or differentiate between 1 or 2 colors.
B. Color blindness is genetically inherited from mutations on the X chromosome and is more common in males.
1. According to Erickson, this is because women have to X chromosomes and men only have one X chromosome. So if males have a mutation on the X chromosome, it will be expressed.
2. It is the most common sex linked inherited disorder. Actually 8 to 12% of males and less than 1% of females are color blind. These are estimates by Gretchen Bailey.

Transition: Now that we know what color blindness is, I would like to go more in depth on the different types of color blindness.
II. Roger Shepard of Psychological Science writes that color blindness can be either total color blind or partial color blind.
A. Total color blindness, monochromacy, is the lack of ability to distinguish colors.
1. These individuals see everything in shades of gray.
2. This is extremely uncommon and make up less than1% of the cases.
B. Partial color blindness is when then individual cannot distinguish between two colors.
1. The most common type of partial is red-green color blindness. According to Neitz, this type makes up 99% of all cases. These patients cannot differentiate between red and green.
2. Another type of partial is yellow-blue color blindness. These individuals cannot see the difference between yellow and blue.

Transition: Now let’s take a deeper look into the frustrations resulting from the different types of color blindness.

III. Color blind individuals constantly encounter challenges in their day to day lives because we live in a world full of colors and often times we use colors to communicate with one another.
A. For example, we use traffic lights and weather maps constantly.
1. Color blind people cannot see between red and green on traffic lights. They tell by the position. In some states, the lights are positions horizontally. This makes it impossible for the color blind person to tell whether to stop or go.
2. Also weather maps. Many use shades of red and green to show the weather.
B. Being color blind can also make cooking and shopping very difficult. George Wald describes some examples.
1. They cannot tell if their meat is cooked.
2. They cannot tell difference between ripe and green tomatoes or red and green apples.
3. They also cannot tell see the difference between ketchup and chocolate syrup.

Conclusion
I. As we have seen today, color blindness is a common color vision deficiency that ranges from partial to total color blindness.
A. It is more common than most people think.
B. It results in day to day complication.
II. So the next time you see a rainbow. Don’t take it for granted. Stop and admire the colors because not everyone has this opportunity.

Works Cited
Bailey, Gretchyn. “Color Blindness.” All About Vision. Accessed July 21, 2009. www.allaboutvision.com.
Erickson, M.H. “The induction of Color Blindness”. Journal of General Psychology. 20:61-89.
Neitz, M. “Spectral Tuning of Pigments Underlying Red-Green Color.” Science Magazine. Accessed July 21, 2009. www.sciencemagazine.com.
Shepard, Roger. “Representation of Colors in Blind, Color Blind, and Normal Sighted.” Psychological Science. 3: 97-104.
Wald, George. “The Receptors of Human Color vision.” Science Magazine. Accessed July 21, 2009. www.sciencemagazine.com .

Informative Speech

Homework Week 2

Homework Week 2
1.a) She uses narratives, testimonies and definitions in her speech. She tells about her experience and memories of dancing as a child for her narrative evidence. She also provides many testimonies from sources in order to make her speech more credible. She also gives the definition of "tap dance" to better support her material. She does not use statistics in her speech.

B) Rachel's main points were the beginning of tap dance, techniques of tap, and the history of a famous tap dancer.

C)She used two transitions to indicate that she was moving to a new idea. She also used internal conclusions.

2.I plan to give my speech on colorblindness. (what causes colorblindness, different types of colorblindness, and frustrations of the colorblind.) The audience I will presenting to does not know much about colorblindness. I think that they will find it interesting. I will try to keep their interest by keeping it simple and using visual aids. I also plan to use very interesting statistics that should get their attention. I also think that the frustrations the colorblind face will really make them think about simple things that they might not have thought much about before. (for example, weather maps, flowers, hot stove etc)

Homework Week 1:
1. I emailed by blog address.
2. I chose the category brainstorming type.

Disabilities
color blindness
autism
History of:
history of makeup
history of the internet
history of the alphabed
Interesting People:
first woman astronaut
Helen Keller
first woman governor

2a: I have narrowed my topic to color blindness
2b: 1: My general purpose is to inform my audience.
2b: 2: My specific purpose is to inform my audience about color blindness.
2b: 3: Color blindness is an genetically inherited color vision deficiency that affects the individual's daily life.

3. My informative speech topic is color blindness. My grandpa is red green color blind so I already have alot of information on color blindness. I know what it is and how it happens, but I need to gather information on the other types of color blindness. I also would like to find more about the diagnostic testing for color blindness.